Pediatrics

Biography

Biography: Mir N Anwar

Abstract

Background- TB is surging much of the Africa because of HIV epidemic, it is observed that TB rate is much higher then what is reported it in public health system. In South Africa out of all TB case 16% are amongst children. Objective- Childhood mortality is increasingly higher in sub-Saharan Africa. To know the reason of child mortality- is it because of TB or HIV or both? Method – TB & HIV infection in children in retrospective study was in our mind In 2010, 8.8 million new TB cases globally, 1.1 million deaths (excluding HIV). 1.1 Million new HIV associated TB cases, 82% living in Sub Saharan-Africa. About 26 % of all HIV patients when start with ART, had TB in their life time.TB is number one cause of death, in HIV infected patients. Results- Deaths Worldwide, HIV: 6000/day, TB: 5000/day South Africa,-TB case Incidence: 4 th in the world, Childhood TB- 16% of all TB cases. Co-infection of TB&HIV – Globally- 13%, South Africa- are around 25- 60% of amongst children. WHO endorsed in 2010 new diagnostic tool to confirm TB, like Gene Xpert MDR/RIP, PCR based test even in children. Presently it is not widely available in Sub Saharan Africa because of high cost. South Africa lucky to have Gene XPRT test kit available even in district hospital. It is observed that the patterns of TB symptoms are also changing then that of traditional one. Conclusion- Problem persists still on diagnosis of TB as 87% of the TB patients shows smear negative even with fluorescent microscope. It shows that smear negative TB patients have high mortality even with proper TB treatment. It also observed that HIV patients have low TB organism in sputum even with low CD4 count.TB is a multisystem diseases. TB and HIV are correlated with each other; if we can decrease the incidence of HIV we can decrease the incidence of TB both in morbidity and mortality, I will discuss all these issue and facts in this topic.